#ElementBase.h#

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//
// Class ElementBase
//   The very base class for beam line representation objects. A beam line
//   is modelled as a composite structure having a single root object
//   (the top level beam line), which contains both ``single'' leaf-type
//   elements (Components), as well as sub-lines (composites).
//
//   Interface for basic beam line object.
//   This class defines the abstract interface for all objects which can be
//   contained in a beam line. ElementBase forms the base class for two distinct
//   but related hierarchies of objects:
//   [OL]
//   [LI]
//   A set of concrete accelerator element classes, which compose the standard
//   accelerator component library (SACL).
//   [LI]
//   [/OL]
//   Instances of the concrete classes for single elements are by default
//   sharable. Instances of beam lines and integrators are by
//   default non-sharable, but they may be made sharable by a call to
//   [b]makeSharable()[/b].
//   [p]
//   An ElementBase object can return two lengths, which may be different:
//   [OL]
//   [LI]
//   The arc length along the geometry.
//   [LI]
//   The design length, often measured along a straight line.
//   [/OL]
//   Class ElementBase contains a map of name versus value for user-defined
//   attributes (see file AbsBeamline/AttributeSet.hh). The map is primarily
//   intended for processes that require algorithm-specific data in the
//   accelerator model.
//   [P]
//   The class ElementBase has as base class the abstract class RCObject.
//   Virtual derivation is used to make multiple inheritance possible for
//   derived concrete classes. ElementBase implements three copy modes:
//   [OL]
//   [LI]
//   Copy by reference: Call RCObject::addReference() and use [b]this[/b].
//   [LI]
//   Copy structure: use ElementBase::copyStructure().
//   During copying of the structure, all sharable items are re-used, while
//   all non-sharable ones are cloned.
//   [LI]
//   Copy by cloning: use ElementBase::clone().
//   This returns a full deep copy.
//   [/OL]
//
// Copyright (c) 200x - 2021, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
// All rights reserved
//
// This file is part of OPAL.
//
// OPAL is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with OPAL. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
#ifndef CLASSIC_ElementBase_HH
#define CLASSIC_ElementBase_HH
 
#include "AbsBeamline/AttributeSet.h"
#include "Algorithms/CoordinateSystemTrafo.h"
#include "Algorithms/Quaternion.hpp"
#include "BeamlineGeometry/Euclid3D.h"
#include "BeamlineGeometry/Geometry.h"
#include "MemoryManagement/RCObject.h"
#include "Structure/BoundingBox.h"
#include "Utilities/GeneralClassicException.h"
 
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
 
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
 
class BeamlineVisitor;
class BoundaryGeometry;
class Channel;
class ConstChannel;
class ParticleMatterInteractionHandler;
class WakeFunction;
 
enum class ElementType : unsigned short {
    ANY,
    BEAMLINE,
    DRIFT,
    MARKER,
    MULTIPOLE,
    MULTIPOLET,
    RFCAVITY,
    TRAVELINGWAVE,
    SBEND,
    RBEND,
    RBEND3D,
    RING,
    PROBE,
    VACUUM,
    SOLENOID,
    SOURCE
};
 
enum class ApertureType : unsigned short {
    RECTANGULAR,
    ELLIPTICAL,
    CONIC_RECTANGULAR,
    CONIC_ELLIPTICAL
};
 
class ElementBase : public RCObject {
public:
    /// Constructor with given name.
    explicit ElementBase(const std::string& name);
 
    ElementBase();
    ElementBase(const ElementBase&);
    virtual ~ElementBase();
 
    /// Get element name.
    virtual const std::string& getName() const;
 
    /// Set element name.
    virtual void setName(const std::string& name);
 
    /// Get element type std::string.
    virtual ElementType getType() const = 0;
 
    std::string getTypeString() const;
    static std::string getTypeString(ElementType type);
 
    /// Get geometry.
    //  Return the element geometry.
    //  Version for non-constant object.
    virtual BGeometryBase& getGeometry() = 0;
 
    /// Get geometry.
    //  Return the element geometry
    //  Version for constant object.
    virtual const BGeometryBase& getGeometry() const = 0;
 
    /// Get arc length.
    //  Return the entire arc length measured along the design orbit
    virtual double getArcLength() const;
 
    /// Get design length.
    //  Return the design length defined by the geometry.
    //  This may be the arc length or the straight length.
    virtual double getElementLength() const;
 
    /// Set design length.
    //  Set the design length defined by the geometry.
    //  This may be the arc length or the straight length.
    virtual void setElementLength(double length);
 
    virtual void getElementDimensions(double& begin, double& end) const {
        begin = 0.0;
        end   = getElementLength();
    }
 
    /// Get origin position.
    //  Return the arc length from the entrance to the origin of the element
    //  (origin >= 0)
    virtual double getOrigin() const;
 
    /// Get entrance position.
    //  Return the arc length from the origin to the entrance of the element
    //  (entrance <= 0)
    virtual double getEntrance() const;
 
    /// Get exit position.
    //  Return the arc length from the origin to the exit of the element
    //  (exit >= 0)
    virtual double getExit() const;
 
    /// Get transform.
    //  Return the transform of the local coordinate system from the
    //  position [b]fromS[/b] to the position [b]toS[/b].
    virtual Euclid3D getTransform(double fromS, double toS) const;
 
    /// Get transform.
    //  Equivalent to getTransform(0.0, s).
    //  Return the transform of the local coordinate system from the
    //  origin and [b]s[/b].
    virtual Euclid3D getTransform(double s) const;
 
    /// Get transform.
    //  Equivalent to getTransform(getEntrance(), getExit()).
    //  Return the transform of the local coordinate system from the
    //  entrance to the exit of the element.
    virtual Euclid3D getTotalTransform() const;
 
    /// Get transform.
    //  Equivalent to getTransform(0.0, getEntrance()).
    //  Return the transform of the local coordinate system from the
    //  origin to the entrance of the element.
    virtual Euclid3D getEntranceFrame() const;
 
    /// Get transform.
    //  Equivalent to getTransform(0.0, getExit()).
    //  Return the transform of the local coordinate system from the
    //  origin to the exit of the element.
    virtual Euclid3D getExitFrame() const;
 
    /// Get patch.
    //  Returns the entrance patch (transformation) which is used to transform
    //  the global geometry to the local geometry for a misaligned element
    //  at its entrance. The default behaviour returns identity transformation.
    //  This function should be overridden by derived concrete classes which
    //  model complex geometries.
    virtual Euclid3D getEntrancePatch() const;
 
    /// Get patch.
    //  Returns the entrance patch (transformation) which is used to transform
    //  the local geometry to the global geometry for a misaligned element
    //  at its exit. The default behaviour returns identity transformation.
    //  This function should be overridden by derived concrete classes which
    //  model complex geometries.
    virtual Euclid3D getExitPatch() const;
 
    /// Get attribute value.
    //  If the attribute does not exist, return zero.
    virtual double getAttribute(const std::string& aKey) const;
 
    /// Test for existence of an attribute.
    //  If the attribute exists, return true, otherwise false.
    virtual bool hasAttribute(const std::string& aKey) const;
 
    /// Remove an existing attribute.
    virtual void removeAttribute(const std::string& aKey);
 
    /// Set value of an attribute.
    virtual void setAttribute(const std::string& aKey, double val);
 
    /// Construct a read/write channel.
    //  This method constructs a Channel permitting read/write access to
    //  the attribute [b]aKey[/b] and returns it.
    //  If the attribute does not exist, it returns nullptr.
    virtual Channel* getChannel(const std::string& aKey, bool create = false);
 
    /// Construct a read-only channel.
    //  This method constructs a Channel permitting read-only access to
    //  the attribute [b]aKey[/b] and returns it.
    //  If the attribute does not exist, it returns nullptr.
    virtual const ConstChannel* getConstChannel(const std::string& aKey) const;
 
    /// Apply visitor.
    //  This method must be overridden by derived classes. It should call the
    //  method of the visitor corresponding to the element class.
    //  If any error occurs, this method throws an exception.
    virtual void accept(BeamlineVisitor& visitor) const = 0;
 
    /// Return clone.
    //  Return an identical deep copy of the element.
    virtual ElementBase* clone() const = 0;
 
    /// Make a structural copy.
    //  Return a fresh copy of any beam line structure is made,
    //  but sharable elements remain shared.
    virtual ElementBase* copyStructure();
 
    /// Test if the element can be shared.
    bool isSharable() const;
 
    /// Set sharable flag.
    //  The whole structure depending on [b]this[/b] is marked as sharable.
    //  After this call a [b]copyStructure()[/b] call reuses the element.
    virtual void makeSharable();
 
    /// Update element.
    //  This method stores all attributes contained in the AttributeSet to
    //  "*this".  The return value [b]true[/b] indicates success.
    bool update(const AttributeSet&);
 
    ///@{ Access to ELEMEDGE attribute
    void setElementPosition(double elemedge);
    double getElementPosition() const;
    bool isElementPositionSet() const;
    ///@}
    /// attach a boundary geometry field to the element
    virtual void setBoundaryGeometry(BoundaryGeometry* geo);
 
    /// return the attached boundary geometrt object if there is any
    virtual BoundaryGeometry* getBoundaryGeometry() const;
 
    virtual bool hasBoundaryGeometry() const;
 
    /// attach a wake field to the element
    virtual void setWake(WakeFunction* wf);
 
    /// return the attached wake object if there is any
    virtual WakeFunction* getWake() const;
 
    virtual bool hasWake() const;
 
    virtual void setParticleMatterInteraction(ParticleMatterInteractionHandler* spys);
 
    virtual ParticleMatterInteractionHandler* getParticleMatterInteraction() const;
 
    virtual bool hasParticleMatterInteraction() const;
 
    void setCSTrafoGlobal2Local(const CoordinateSystemTrafo& ori);
    CoordinateSystemTrafo getCSTrafoGlobal2Local() const;
    void releasePosition();
    void fixPosition();
    bool isPositioned() const;
 
    virtual CoordinateSystemTrafo getEdgeToBegin() const;
    virtual CoordinateSystemTrafo getEdgeToEnd() const;
 
    void setAperture(const ApertureType& type, const std::vector<double>& args);
    std::pair<ApertureType, std::vector<double> > getAperture() const;
 
    virtual bool isInside(const Vector_t<double, 3>& r) const;
 
    void setMisalignment(const CoordinateSystemTrafo& cst);
 
    void getMisalignment(double& x, double& y, double& s) const;
    CoordinateSystemTrafo getMisalignment() const;
 
    void setActionRange(const std::queue<std::pair<double, double> >& range);
    void setCurrentSCoordinate(double s);
 
    /// Set rotation about z axis in bend frame.
    void setRotationAboutZ(double rotation);
    double getRotationAboutZ() const;
 
    virtual BoundingBox getBoundingBoxInLabCoords() const;
 
    virtual int getRequiredNumberOfTimeSteps() const;
 
    /// Set output filename
    void setOutputFN(std::string fn);
    /// Get output filename
    std::string getOutputFN() const;
 
    void setFlagDeleteOnTransverseExit(bool = true);
    bool getFlagDeleteOnTransverseExit() const;
 
protected:
    bool isInsideTransverse(const Vector_t<double, 3>& r) const;
 
    // Sharable flag.
    // If this flag is true, the element is always shared.
    mutable bool shareFlag;
 
    CoordinateSystemTrafo csTrafoGlobal2Local_m;
    CoordinateSystemTrafo misalignment_m;
 
    std::pair<ApertureType, std::vector<double> > aperture_m;
 
    double elementEdge_m;
 
    double rotationZAxis_m;
 
private:
    // Not implemented.
    void operator=(const ElementBase&);
 
    // The element's name
    std::string elementID;
 
    static const std::map<ElementType, std::string> elementTypeToString_s;
 
    // The user-defined set of attributes.
    AttributeSet userAttribs;
 
    WakeFunction* wake_m;
 
    BoundaryGeometry* bgeometry_m;
 
    ParticleMatterInteractionHandler* parmatint_m;
 
    bool positionIsFixed;
    ///@{ ELEMEDGE attribute
    double elementPosition_m;
    bool elemedgeSet_m;
    ///@}
    std::queue<std::pair<double, double> > actionRange_m;
 
    std::string outputfn_m; /**< The name of the outputfile*/
 
    bool deleteOnTransverseExit_m = true;
};
 
// Inline functions.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
inline double ElementBase::getArcLength() const {
    return getGeometry().getArcLength();
}
 
inline double ElementBase::getElementLength() const {
    return getGeometry().getElementLength();
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setElementLength(double length) {
    getGeometry().setElementLength(length);
}
 
inline double ElementBase::getOrigin() const {
    return getGeometry().getOrigin();
}
 
inline double ElementBase::getEntrance() const {
    return getGeometry().getEntrance();
}
 
inline double ElementBase::getExit() const {
    return getGeometry().getExit();
}
 
inline Euclid3D ElementBase::getTransform(double fromS, double toS) const {
    return getGeometry().getTransform(fromS, toS);
}
 
inline Euclid3D ElementBase::getTotalTransform() const {
    return getGeometry().getTotalTransform();
}
 
inline Euclid3D ElementBase::getTransform(double s) const {
    return getGeometry().getTransform(s);
}
 
inline Euclid3D ElementBase::getEntranceFrame() const {
    return getGeometry().getEntranceFrame();
}
 
inline Euclid3D ElementBase::getExitFrame() const {
    return getGeometry().getExitFrame();
}
 
inline Euclid3D ElementBase::getEntrancePatch() const {
    return getGeometry().getEntrancePatch();
}
 
inline Euclid3D ElementBase::getExitPatch() const {
    return getGeometry().getExitPatch();
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::isSharable() const {
    return shareFlag;
}
 
inline WakeFunction* ElementBase::getWake() const {
    return wake_m;
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::hasWake() const {
    return wake_m != nullptr;
}
 
inline BoundaryGeometry* ElementBase::getBoundaryGeometry() const {
    return bgeometry_m;
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::hasBoundaryGeometry() const {
    return bgeometry_m != nullptr;
}
 
inline ParticleMatterInteractionHandler* ElementBase::getParticleMatterInteraction() const {
    return parmatint_m;
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::hasParticleMatterInteraction() const {
    return parmatint_m != nullptr;
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setCSTrafoGlobal2Local(const CoordinateSystemTrafo& trafo) {
    if (positionIsFixed)
        return;
 
    csTrafoGlobal2Local_m = trafo;
}
 
inline CoordinateSystemTrafo ElementBase::getCSTrafoGlobal2Local() const {
    return csTrafoGlobal2Local_m;
}
 
inline CoordinateSystemTrafo ElementBase::getEdgeToBegin() const {
    CoordinateSystemTrafo ret(Vector_t<double, 3>({0, 0, 0}), Quaternion(1, 0, 0, 0));
    return ret;
}
 
inline CoordinateSystemTrafo ElementBase::getEdgeToEnd() const {
    CoordinateSystemTrafo ret(
        Vector_t<double, 3>({0, 0, getElementLength()}), Quaternion(1, 0, 0, 0));
 
    return ret;
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setAperture(const ApertureType& type, const std::vector<double>& args) {
    aperture_m.first  = type;
    aperture_m.second = args;
}
 
inline std::pair<ApertureType, std::vector<double> > ElementBase::getAperture() const {
    return aperture_m;
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::isInside(const Vector_t<double, 3>& r) const {
    const double length = getElementLength();
    return r(2) >= 0.0 && r(2) < length && isInsideTransverse(r);
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setMisalignment(const CoordinateSystemTrafo& cst) {
    misalignment_m = cst;
}
 
inline CoordinateSystemTrafo ElementBase::getMisalignment() const {
    return misalignment_m;
}
 
inline void ElementBase::releasePosition() {
    positionIsFixed = false;
}
 
inline void ElementBase::fixPosition() {
    positionIsFixed = true;
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::isPositioned() const {
    return positionIsFixed;
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setActionRange(const std::queue<std::pair<double, double> >& range) {
    actionRange_m = range;
 
    if (!actionRange_m.empty())
        elementEdge_m = actionRange_m.front().first;
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setRotationAboutZ(double rotation) {
    rotationZAxis_m = rotation;
}
 
inline double ElementBase::getRotationAboutZ() const {
    return rotationZAxis_m;
}
 
inline std::string ElementBase::getTypeString() const {
    return getTypeString(getType());
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setElementPosition(double elemedge) {
    elementPosition_m = elemedge;
    elemedgeSet_m     = true;
}
 
inline double ElementBase::getElementPosition() const {
    if (elemedgeSet_m)
        return elementPosition_m;
 
    throw GeneralClassicException(
        "ElementBase::getElementPosition()",
        std::string("ELEMEDGE for \"") + getName() + "\" not set");
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::isElementPositionSet() const {
    return elemedgeSet_m;
}
 
inline int ElementBase::getRequiredNumberOfTimeSteps() const {
    return 10;
}
 
inline void ElementBase::setFlagDeleteOnTransverseExit(bool flag) {
    deleteOnTransverseExit_m = flag;
}
 
inline bool ElementBase::getFlagDeleteOnTransverseExit() const {
    return deleteOnTransverseExit_m;
}
 
#endif  // CLASSIC_ElementBase_HH